Early reports of the use of stem cells to regenerate bone in AVN are encouraging. This can sometimes progress onwards to become severe arthritis. In a condition called avascular necrosis, or AVN, there is death of a segment of the bone near the joint. The procedure is designed to help preserve the natural hip and knee joints and perhaps to delay or prevent the need for more major operations such as replacement of the hip or knee joint.Īnother area of particular interest for stem cell therapy in the hip and knee is to help with the regeneration of dead bone. Stem cell therapy may be used in an attempt to encourage regeneration of this gristle layer. This can potentially be accomplished by regeneration of cartilage (gristle). In joint preservation, one role of stem cells is in the possible treatment of arthritis of the hip and knee joints. Stem cells are taken directly from the patients. MSCs can be found at various locations in the body, including bone marrow, adipose tissue (fat) and peripheral blood. Following promising phase 1 testing, Mayo Clinic is launching phase 2 of a randomized clinical trial of stem cell treatment for patients with severe spinal cord injury. MSCs are free of the controversy that surrounds the embryonic stem cells and yet have the potential to form new tissues, giving the ability to repair and regenerate tissues such as cartilage and bone more effectively. Adult stem cells, which are also known as mesenchymal stem cells or MSCs are of great interest to researchers, scientists and surgeons alike. There are two basic forms of stem cell - the embryonic stem cell and adult stem cell. Animal and human studies have been published that have suggested a safe and favourable response to stem cell therapy in hips, knees and even ankles. However, it has created so much interest worldwide that extensive research has been taking place in this field. Stem cell therapy is a relatively new procedure.
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